to return to old ways (a Confucian aspiration) / to turn back the clock / neoclassical school during Tang and Song associated with classical writing 古文 / retro (fashion style based on nostalgia, esp. for 1960s)
Five Dynasties, period of history between the fall of the Tang dynasty (907) and the founding of the Song dynasty (960), when five would-be dynasties were established in quick succession in North China
苏轼
Sū Shì
Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Su Dongpo 蘇東坡|苏东坡[Su1 Dong1 po1] northern Song Dynasty writer and calligrapher / one of the Three Su father and sons 三蘇|三苏[San1 Su1] and one of the Eight Giants of Tang and Song Prose 唐宋八大家[Tang2 Song4 Ba1 Da4 jia1]
唐伯虎
Táng Bó hǔ
Tang Bohu or Tang Yin 唐寅 / (1470-1523), Ming painter and poet, one of Four great southern talents of the Ming 江南四大才子
古文
gǔ wén
old language / the Classics / Classical Chinese as a literary model, esp. in Tang and Song prose / Classical Chinese as a school subject
知府
zhī fǔ
prefectural magistrate (during Tang to Qing times)
中古
zhōng gǔ
medieval / Middle Ages / Chinese middle antiquity, 3rd to 9th centuries, including Sui and Tang Dynasties / Middle (of a language, e.g. Middle English) / used / second-hand
隋唐
Suí Táng
Sui (581-617) and Tang dynasties (618-907)
白居易
Bái Jū yì
Bai Juyi (772-846), Tang dynasty poet
县令
xiàn lìng
county magistrate (during Tang to Qing times)
天竺
Tiān zhú
the Indian subcontinent (esp. in Tang or Buddhist context)
翰林
Hàn lín
refers to academics employed as imperial secretaries from the Tang onwards, forming the Hanlin Imperial Academy 翰林院
节度使
jié dù shǐ
Tang and Song dynasty provincial governor, in Tang times having military and civil authority, but only civil authority in Song
Song of the Pipa Player, long poem by Tang poet Bai Juyi 白居易[Bai2 Ju1 yi4]
花木兰
Huā Mù lán
Hua Mulan, legendary woman warrior (c. fifth century), Northern dynasties folk hero recorded in Sui and Tang literature
三藏
Sān zàng
Tripitaka (602-664), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator who traveled to India 629-645 / same as 玄奘
韩愈
Hán Yù
Han Yu (768-824), Tang dynasty essayist and poet, advocate of the classical writing 古文運動|古文运动[gu3 wen2 yun4 dong4] and neoclassical 復古|复古[fu4 gu3] movements
唐装
Táng zhuāng
Tang suit (traditional Chinese jacket)
玄奘
Xuán zàng
Xuanzang (602-664), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator who traveled to India 629-645
李渊
Lǐ Yuān
Li Yuan, personal name of first Tang emperor Gaozu 唐高祖[Tang2 Gao1 zu3] (566-635), reigned 618-626
Cheng Yaojin (589-665), aka 程知節|程知节[Cheng2 Zhi1 jie2], Chinese general of the Tang dynasty
先王
xiān wáng
former kings / former emperors / in Confucian writing, refers esp. to the sage rulers Yao 堯|尧[Yao2], Shun 舜[Shun4], Yu 禹[Yu3], Tang 湯|汤[Tang1] and the kings of Zhou
唐家璇
Táng Jiā xuán
Tang Jiaxuan (1938-), politician and diplomat
烧酒
shāo jiǔ
name of a famous Tang dynasty wine / same as 白酒[bai2 jiu3]
杨玉环
Yáng Yù huán
Yang Yuhuan, aka Yang Guifei 楊貴妃|杨贵妃[Yang2 Gui4 fei1] (719-756), famous Tang beauty, consort of Emperor Xuanzhong 唐玄宗[Tang2 Xuan2 zong1]
南唐
Nán Táng
Tang of the Five Southern Dynasties 937-975
杜牧
Dù Mù
Du Mu (803-852) Tang dynasty poet
翰林院
Hàn lín yuàn
Imperial Hanlin Academy, lasting from Tang dynasty until 1911
唐三藏
Táng sān zàng
Tripitaka (602-664), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator who traveled to India 629-645 / same as 玄奘
安禄山
An1 Lù shān
An Lushan (703-757), Tang general, leader of the An-Shi Rebellion 安史之亂|安史之乱[An1 Shi3 zhi1 Luan4]
道学
dào xué
Confucian study of ethics / study of Daoism / school for Daoism in Tang and Song times / Daoist magic / another name for 理學|理学, rational learning of Song dynasty neo-Confucianism
柳宗元
Liǔ Zōng yuán
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), Tang essayist and poet, advocate of the classical writing 古文運動|古文运动 / and neoclassical 復古|复古 / movements
刘禹锡
Liú Yǔ xī
Liu Yuxi (772-842), Tang poet
五帝
wǔ dì
the Five Legendary Emperors, usually taken to be the Yellow Emperor 黃帝|黄帝[Huang2 di4], Zhuan Xu 顓頊|颛顼[Zhuan1 Xu1], Di Ku 帝嚳|帝喾[Di4 Ku4], Tang Yao 唐堯|唐尧[Tang2 Yao2] and Yu Shun 虞舜[Yu2 Shun4]
王世充
Wáng Shì chōng
Wang Shichong (-621), general of late Sui and opponent of early Tang
黄巢
Huáng Cháo
Huang Chao (-884), leader of peasant uprising 875-884 in late Tang
魏征
Wèi Zhēng
Wei Zheng (580-643), Tang politician and historian, notorious as a critic, editor of History of the Sui Dynasty 隋書|隋书
孟浩然
Mèng Hào rán
Meng Haoran (689-740), Tang Dynasty Poet
王勃
Wáng Bó
Wang Bo (650-676), one of the Four Great Poets of the Early Tang 初唐四傑|初唐四杰[Chu1 Tang2 Si4 jie2]
唐诗三百首
Táng shī sān bǎi shǒu
Three Hundred Tang Poems, an anthology collected around 1763 by Sun Zhu 孫誅|孙诛[Sun1 Zhu1]
晋书
Jìn shū
History of the Jin Dynasty, fifth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Fang Xuanling 房玄齡|房玄龄[Fang2 Xuan2 ling2] in 648 during Tang Dynasty 唐朝[Tang2 chao2], 130 scrolls
颜真卿
Yán Zhēn qīng
Yan Zhenqing (709-785), a leading calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty
唐寅
Táng Yín
Tang Bohu 唐伯虎 / or Tang Yin (1470-1523), Ming painter and poet, one of Four great southern talents of the Ming 江南四大才子
唐明皇
Táng Míng huáng
Emperor Ming of Tang (685-762), also known as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 唐玄宗[Tang2 Xuan2 zong1], reigned 712-756
狄仁杰
Dí Rén jié
Di Renjie (607-700), Tang dynasty politician, prime minister under Wu Zetian, subsequently hero of legends / master sleuth Judge Dee, aka Chinese Sherlock Holmes, in novel Three murder cases solved by Judge Dee 狄公案[Di2 gong1 an4] translated by Dutch sinologist R.H. van Gulik 高羅珮|高罗佩[Gao1 Luo2 pei4]
孙思邈
Sūn Sī miǎo
Sun Simiao (c. 581-682), doctor and herbalist of the Sui and Tang dynasty, author of Prescriptions Worth a Thousand in Gold 千金要方[Qian1 jin1 Yao4 fang1]
旧唐书
Jiù Táng shū
History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫|刘昫[Liu2 Xu4] in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后晋[Hou4 Jin4] of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls
李贺
Lǐ Hè
Li He (790-816), Tang poet
新唐书
Xīn Táng shū
History of the Later Tang Dynasty, seventeenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧阳修[Ou1 yang2 Xiu1] and Song Qi 宋祁[Song4 Qi2] in 1060 during Northern Song 北宋[Bei3 Song4], 225 scrolls
后唐
Hòu Táng
Later Tang of the Five Dynasties (923-936)
藩镇
fān zhèn
lit. fence town / buffer region (between enemies) / Tang dynasty system of provincial administration under a provincial governor 節度使|节度使[jie2 du4 shi3]
鉴真
Jiàn zhēn
Jianzhen or Ganjin (688-763), Tang dynastic Buddhist monk, who crossed to Japan after several unsuccessful attempts, influential in Japanese Buddhism
薛仁贵
Xuē Rén guì
Xue Rengui (614-683) great Tang dynasty general
李后主
Lǐ Hòu zhǔ
Li Houzhu (c. 937-978), the final Southern Tang ruler (ruled 961-975) and a renowned poet / given name Li Yu 李煜
孟郊
Mèng Jiāo
Meng Jiao (751-814), Tang dynasty essayist and poet
隋书
Suí shū
History of the Sui Dynasty, thirteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Wei Zheng 魏徵|魏征[Wei4 Zheng1] in 636 during Tang Dynasty, 85 scrolls
骆宾王
Luò Bīn wáng
Luo Binwang (640-684), one of Four Great Poets of the Early Tang 初唐四傑|初唐四杰[Chu1 Tang2 Si4 jie2]
陈子昂
Chén Zǐ áng
Chen Zi'ang (c. 661-702), Tang dynasty poet
汤显祖
Tāng Xiǎn zǔ
Tang Xianzu (1550-1616), Ming poet and dramatist, author of The Peony Pavilion 牡丹亭[Mu3 dan5 Ting2]
History of Zhou of the Northern Dynasties, twelfth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Linghu Defen 令狐德棻[Ling2 hu2 De2 fen1] in 636 during Tang Dynasty, 50 scrolls
牡丹亭
Mǔ dan Tíng
The Peony Pavilion (1598), play by Tang Xianzu 湯顯祖|汤显祖[Tang1 Xian3 zu3]
韦应物
Wéi Yìng wù
Wei Yinwu (737-792), Tang dynasty poet
唐书
Táng shū
same as 舊唐書|旧唐书[Jiu4 Tang2 shu1], History of the Early Tang Dynasty, sixteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫|刘昫[Liu2 Xu4] in 945 during Later Jin 後晉|后晋[Hou4 Jin4] of the Five Dynasties, 200 scrolls
唐高祖
Táng Gāo zǔ
Emperor Gaozu of Tang, reign name of first Tang emperor Li Yuan 李淵|李渊[Li3 Yuan1] (566-635), reigned 618-626
贺知章
Hè Zhī zhāng
He Zhizhang (659-744), Tang dynasty poet
柳公权
Liǔ Gōng quán
Liu Gongquan (778-865), Tang calligrapher
欧阳询
Oū yáng Xún
Ouyang Xun (557-641), one of Four Great Calligraphers of early Tang 唐初四大家[Tang2 chu1 Si4 Da4 jia1]
张籍
Zhāng Jí
Zhang Ji (767-830), Tang Dynasty poet
虞世南
Yú Shì nán
Yu Shinan (558-638), politician of Sui and early Tang periods, poet and calligrapher, one of Four Great Calligraphers of early Tang 唐初四大家[Tang2 chu1 Si4 Da4 jia1]
梁书
Liáng shū
History of Liang of the Southern Dynasties, eighth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉[Yao2 Si1 lian2] in 636 during Tang dynasty, 56 scrolls
卖炭翁
Mài Tàn Wēng
The Old Charcoal Seller, poem by Tang poet Bai Juyi 白居易[Bai2 Ju1 yi4]
新五代史
Xīn Wǔ dài shǐ
Later History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), nineteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧阳修[Ou1 yang2 Xiu1] in 1053 during Northern Song Dynasty, 74 scrolls
千金方
Qiān jīn fāng
Prescriptions Worth a Thousand in Gold, early Tang compendium of herbal medicine by Sun Simiao 孫思邈|孙思邈[Sun1 Si1 miao3]
北齐书
Běi Qí shū
History of Qi of the Northern Dynasties, eleventh of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Li Baiyao 李百藥|李百药[Li3 Bai3 yao4] in 636 during Tang Dynasty, 50 scrolls
旧五代史
Jiù Wǔ dài shǐ
History of the Five Dynasties (between Tang and Song), eighteenth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正[Xue1 Ju1 zheng4] in 974 during Northern Song 北宋[Bei3 Song4], 150 scrolls
陆羽
Lù Yǔ
Lu Yu (733-804), Chinese writer from Tang dynasty, known for his obsession with tea
张若虚
Zhāng Ruò xū
Zhang Ruoxu (c. 660-720), Tang dynasty poet, author of yuefu poem River on a spring night 春江花月夜
high ranking official (old) / term of endearment between spouses (old) / (from the Tang Dynasty onwards) term used by the emperor for his subjects (old) / honorific (old)
fǔ